春播谷子成熟期抗倒伏性研究

试验以长谷4号、长生13和晋谷21为材料,在成熟期（乳熟期、蜡熟期和完熟期）测定7个性状指标,分析其与倒伏性的关系。结果表明,3个品种的倒伏指数均以黄熟期最大,乳熟期最小;从基部第2节间~第6节间,倒伏指数依次增加,抗倒伏性依次降低。相关性分析表明,基部第2节间倒伏指数与重心高度和单株穗鲜重呈显著正相关,与株高、单株鲜重和基部第2节间长度呈正相关,与基部第2节间直径和基部第2节间机械强度呈负相关,但都未达到显著水平。通径分析结果表明,各性状对倒伏指数的直接影响从大到小排序为：基部第2节间机械强度、单株鲜重、重心高度、株高、基部第2节间直径、基部第2节间长度和单株穗鲜重。由研究结果可见,基部第2节间机械强度和重心高度可作为评价谷子成熟期抗倒伏性的通用指标,对选育抗倒伏谷子新品种具有重要指导意义。     

Development of a linear mixed-effects individual-tree basal area increment model for masson pine in Hunan Province,South-central China

ABSTRACT

An individual-tree basal area increment model was developed for masson pine based on 26276 observations of 13,138 trees in 987 sample plots from the 7th (2004), 8th (2009), and 9th (2014) Chinese National Forest Inventory in Hunan Province, South-central China. The model was built using a linear mixed-effects approach with sample plots included as random effects since the data have a hierarchical stochastic structure and biased estimates of the standard error of parameter estimates could be a consequence of applying ordinary least square (OLS) for regression. In addition, within-plot heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation were also considered. The final mixed-effects model was determined according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log-likelihood (Loglik), and the likelihoodratio test (LRT). The results revealed that initial diameter (DBH), the sum of the basal area (m²/ha) in trees with DBHs larger than the DBH of the subject tree (BAL), number of trees per hectare (NT), and elevation (EL) had a significant impact on individual-tree basal area increment. The mixed-effects model performed much better than the basic model produced using OLS. Additionally, the variance structure of the model errors was successfully modeled using the power function. However, the autocorrelation structures were not defined because there was no autocorrelation amongst the data. It is believed that the final model will contribute to the scientific management of the masson pine.     

蒺藜苜蓿转录因子MtMYB的克隆、表达分析及拟南芥转化

MYB转录因子家族基因具有保守的DNA结合域,是植物最大的转录因子家族之一,广泛参与植物的代谢调控,在植物生长发育和胁迫响应等方面发挥重要作用。为改良品种性状和提高生产实践能力,本研究采用RT-PCR法克隆蒺藜苜蓿MYB转录因子基因MtMYB,其编码区长255 bp,编码84个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,该基因编码蛋白与其他物种MYB蛋白具有很高的同源性,其中与红三叶同源性最高。荧光定量结果表明,MtMYB基因在蒺藜苜蓿叶片中的表达量最高。MtMYB基因在外源IAA、6-BA的诱导下,总体都呈现先上升后下降的趋势。同时本研究成功构建35S::MtMYB的植物表达载体,并通过转基因技术将其转化至拟南芥中,PCR检测表明,MtMYB已成功整合至转基因拟南芥基因组中。RT-PCR检测表明,MtMYB能够在转基因拟南芥中正常转录。本研究为进一步探明MtMYB基因的功能提供了数据参考和实验材料。     

基于森林健康理念的森林康养产业发展研究

阐述了森林健康理念和森林康养的基本概念,介绍了森林健康理念和森林康养的发展现状,分析了森林健康与森林康养产业之间的关系。结果表明:森林康养产业的理论基础就是基于森林健康理念继承发展来的,必然会促进森林健康产业的发展。运用森林健康理念指导森林康养产业发展是森林康养产业可持续发展的有效途径,森林健康理念在中国会不断完善和发展,也更有利于中国森林康养产业的发展。展望康养产业,会形成一种新的经济形态,成为国民福祉。     

吉林省西部地区生态环境状况变化调查与评估——以向海国家级自然保护区为例

指出了随着社会与经济的发展、人口的增长,人类为满足自身生存与发展的需求高强度的开发和利用资源。以吉林省西部向海保护区为例,探讨了保护区周边土地利用类型的变化,生态服务功能受到的影响。分析了该区域存在土地沙化、土壤盐渍化、水资源短缺等问题。因此,提出了科学合理地开发自然资源,保护、恢复和可持续地利用本区域的生态资源已成为当务之急。     

基于温度植被干旱指数的曲靖市干旱监测研究

本研究利用MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(Ts)产品数据,构建Ts-NDVI特征空间,计算温度植被干旱指数(TVDI),分析评价云南曲靖市2010—2012年的干旱时空分布状况。结果表明,2010年曲靖市遭遇了非常严重的干旱灾害,受灾面积高达研究区总面积的80%以上,基于TVDI指数的旱情动态监测方法适合云南省曲靖干旱监测。本研究建立的温度植被干旱指数模型提高了干旱监测的实用性,在曲靖市干旱监测上具有很好的适应性,可以广泛应用到该地区干旱监测研究中,为曲靖的农业防灾减灾能力和可持续发展提供科学保障。     

不同作物秸秆腐解液对节节麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)作为麦田恶性杂草之一,给中国小麦生产带来了严重的经济损失。为探究农作物秸秆在节节麦生态防治方面的作用,本试验采用了滤纸培养皿法和小杯法研究了不同浓度的玉米、油菜、水稻秸秆及稻壳腐解液对节节麦种子萌发率、发芽指数及幼苗根长、苗高和干重5项生物指标的影响。结果表明,当浓度为6.25 mg/mL时,玉米、油菜秸秆腐解液对节节麦幼苗干重表现为促进作用,对其他测定指标均为抑制作用。稻壳腐解液除了对根长具有抑制作用外,对其他指标均具有促进作用。水稻秸秆腐解液对5项指标均具有促进作用。当浓度大于50 mg/mL时,4种秸秆腐解液对5项指标均具有抑制作用,且随着浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。总体来说,作物秸秆腐解液对节节麦的化感作用强弱依次为玉米秸秆、油菜秸秆、稻壳、水稻秸秆,且对根的化感作用尤为明显。     

4种药剂防治马铃薯地下害虫田间药效试验

为探明德州地区马铃薯地下害虫发生为害情况,筛选出防治马铃薯地下害虫安全且有效的药剂,在马铃薯收获时对马铃薯地下害虫的发生情况进行了调查;采用马铃薯块茎拌种(药液与块茎质量比为1∶10)的方式,比较了4种药剂对马铃薯地下害虫的田间防效,以期筛选出对马铃薯地下害虫防效好且对马铃薯安全的药剂种类及其适宜用量。结果表明:德州地区马铃薯地下害虫种类主要有蛴螬、金针虫和地老虎。35%丁硫克百威种子处理干粉剂用量10 mL/kg处理对蛴螬、金针虫和地老虎防效均较高,达到80%左右;对马铃薯茎块的保护率最高,为56.54%。3%阿维菌素微囊悬浮剂用量10 mL/kg处理防效较差,在50%左右;对马铃薯茎块的保护率最低,为32.90%。各药剂处理的马铃薯叶色、长势等均正常,未观察到药害现象发生。建议使用35%丁硫克百威种子处理干粉剂100倍液拌种防治马铃薯地下害虫。     

Regulatory role of l-proline in fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation

l-proline (Pro) is a precursor of ornithine, which is converted into polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Polyamines plays a key role in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The study investigated the effect of Pro on polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation on porcine enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-four Huanjiang mini-pigs were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups and fed a basal diet that contained 0.77% alanine (Ala, iso-nitrogenous control), 1% Pro or 1% Pro + 0.0167% α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) from d 15 to 70 of gestation. The fetal body weight and number of fetuses per litter were determined, and the small and large intestines were obtained on d 70 ± 1.78 of gestation. The in vitro study was performed in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells cultured in Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium-high glucose (DMEM-H) containing 0 μmol/L Pro, 400 μmol/L Pro, or 400 μmol/L Pro + 10 mmol/L DFMO for 4 d. The results showed that maternal dietary supplementation with 1% Pro increased fetal weight; the protein and DNA concentrations of the fetal small intestine; and mRNA levels for potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1 (Kv1.1) in the fetal small and large intestines (P < 0.05). Supplementing Pro to either gilts or IPEC-J2 cells increased ODC protein abundances and polyamine concentrations in the fetal intestines and IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). In comparison with the Pro group, the combined administration of Pro and DFMO reduced the expression of ODC protein and spermine concentration in the fetal intestine, as well as the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of cells in the S-phase and the mRNA levels of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc were increased in response to Pro supplementation, whereas depletion of cellular polyamines with DFMO increased tumor protein p53 (p53) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary supplementation with Pro improved fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via enhancing polyamine synthesis.     

纺纱方式对长绒棉高支纱性能的影响

为明确不同长绒棉纤维适纺性能及不同纺纱方式下的成纱质量，以新疆5个长绒棉品种（系）（新海35号、新海53号、新海57号、丰海8号、丰海7号）的纤维为原料，采用普通环锭纺和紧密纺2种纺纱方式，纺100S纯长绒棉纱，并对成纱性能进行测试。结果：与环锭纺相比，紧密纺大大提高了成纱的强伸性能，降低了3 mm毛羽指数，改善了条干不匀变异系数，其中最为明显的是对3 mm毛羽指数的改善，其次是对强伸性能的改善。可见，紧密纺可较环锭纺提高长绒棉成纱品质，较优的原棉品质对纺纱等后道工序具有很重要的意义。另外，品质指标较优的丰海7号纤维的成纱强伸性能、3 mm毛羽指数、条干不匀变异系数等指标表现较优异。